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                  <text>Books</text>
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                <text>Book:  "Frank H. Hall and His Braille Writer:  A Souvenir Publication of the Frank Hall Diamond Jubilee, June 8, 1968" by Walter B. Hendrickson, Illinois Department of Children and Family Services.</text>
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                <text>“It was clear, cold, and quiet on the morning of January 5, 1893, when a man of medium height and vigorous physique, bright-eyed and bespectacled, his face adorned with a soup-strainer moustache and a small goatee, jumped lightly from the Chicago and Alton train that pulled into Jacksonville, Illinois, from Chicago, and hurried forward to supervise the unloading of a large wooden box onto a wagon. He climbed up beside the driver, and the horses hauled the rattling vehicle a couple of hundred yards eastward across the railroad tracks and pulled into the rear of the main building of the Illinois Institution for the Education of the Blind. The box was unpacked and the contents set up in the office of the man, who now had his greatcoat off and appeared in a high stiff collar, black tie and black frock coat. This man was Frank Haven Hall, superintendent of the institution.”&#13;
&#13;
“Out of the box came a machine that operated some- what like a typewriter. It had six keys, much like those of a piano, and a single oval spacing key between two groups of three keys. Each key controlled a punch that made one of the dots in a braille cell. At the back of the machine and attached to it in a vertical position - where, in a type- writer, the paper would be inserted - was a metal frame about 15 inches square. The machine was mounted on a waist-high pedestal, and extending downward was a single foot pedal. By pressing the keys, and stepping on the foot pedal, the dots of the braille letters were impressed on a thin brass sheet held in the upright frame. The resulting embossed plate was put into a hand press, a dampened piece of paper was placed over the plate, pressure was applied, and the braille characters were transferred to the paper. Thousands of copies could be made -- no fuss, no muss, no type, no hot lead. Frank Hall, whose brainchild 1 this machine was, put a plate in the carriage and tapped out four lines of the first verse of the hymn, ‘Blest be the Tie that Binds.’ “  Source:  "Frank H. Hall and His Braille Writer:  A Souvenir Publication of the Frank Hall Diamond Jubilee, June 8, 1968" by Walter B. Hendrickson, Illinois Department of Children and Family Services.&#13;
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                <text>Lisa</text>
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                <text>Photo courtesy of https://www.antiquetypewriters.com/typewriter/hall-braille-writer-1/</text>
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                <text>Book:  "Frank H. Hall:  Success through Service, 1841 - 1911"</text>
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                <text>“For fifty years Frank H. Hall helped the youth of our land to solve arithmetical problems.  For fifty years, he helped the teachers to solve pedagogical problems.  For fifty years he helped everyone with who he associated to solve humanitarian problems.  And now, after so many active years of service, he has gone to solve the Great Mystery – the problem of the centuries.”&#13;
&#13;
…&#13;
&#13;
“In the realm of books, blind people were shut out from modern literature of all kinds (except as it might be read to them) because of the vast amount of time and labor required to make even on little book.  Here was another obstacle in his path which he made up his mind must be overcome. He studied the three principal kinds of raised print used by the blind the world over, - decided which system was the simplest and most easily adaptable,-- and then began putting his inventive genius to work upon a machine that would be to the blind what the type-writer is to the seeing,--even more than this.” &#13;
&#13;
“The result was soon forth-coming and startled the world in its simplicity and complete success. From the type-writer it was but a step to the stereotype-maker and map-machine: and the making of books for the blind was revolutionized. This was accompanied by no blare of trumpets. The invention was wrought out during time for which the State of Illinois was paying him to teach the blind. No other compensation seemed to him due from any source. He laughed at the idea of taking out a patent on the machines. Yes, it might make him rich,- but rich at whose cost? At the cost of the blind, chiefly, the great majority of whom hadn't a hundredth part as much worldly wealth as he had. No, this invention was not for his benefit; it was for the benefit of the blind,--to help them in their search for success through service. What would be added to the cost of the machines as royalty was thus ‘knocked off,’ and so simple was the construction of the Braille- writer that the manufacturers (at the inventor's solicitation that they make the price as reasonable as possible) offered it to the public for thirteen dollars, allowing the inventor to make a special price of ten dollars to his own pupils--those in the state of Illinois.”&#13;
&#13;
“In 1893, when, at the World's Columbian Exposition, Helen Keller was introduced by her teacher to Frank Hall, she made the perfunctory response, "How do you do, Mr. Hall?" Her teacher said to her, "This is the Mr. Hall who made your Braille-writer"-- and instantly Helen Keller's arms were around his neck and her lips kissed his cheek. This in itself more than paid him for the invention of the Braille machines --  and he could never tell of this little incident without tears in his eyes.”&#13;
&#13;
Source:   "Frank H. Hall:  Success through Service, 1841 - 1911"&#13;
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                <text>Photo of Hall Braille-Writer Courtesy of:  https://www.antiquetypewriters.com/typewriter/hall-braille-writer-1/</text>
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